Modernist Brazillian Architect dies at the age of 104.
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer, was a
Brazilian architect who is considered one of the key figures in the development of
modern architecture. Niemeyer was best known for his design of civic buildings for
Brasília, a
planned city which became Brazil's capital in 1960, as well as his collaboration with other architects on the
United Nations Headquarters in
New York City. His exploration of the aesthetic possibilities of
reinforced concrete was highly infuential on the architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Both lauded and criticized for being a "sculptor of monuments",
Niemeyer was praised for being a great artist and one of the greatest architects of his generation by his supporters.
He claimed his architecture was strongly influenced by Le Corbusier,
but in an interview, assured that this "didn't prevent [his]
architecture from going in a different direction".
Niemeyer was most famous for his use of abstract forms and curves that
characterize most of his works, and wrote in his memoirs:
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"I am not
attracted to straight angles or to the straight line, hard and
inflexible, created by man. I am attracted to free-flowing, sensual
curves. The curves that I find in the mountains of my country, in the
sinuousness of its rivers, in the waves of the ocean, and on the body of
the beloved woman. Curves make up the entire Universe, the curved
Universe of Einstein." | |
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Born in
Rio de Janeiro, Niemeyer was schooled at the city's
Escola Nacional de Belas Artes, and after graduating worked at his father's
typography house, as well as as a
draftsman for local architectural firms. In the 1930s, he interned with
Lúcio Costa, with the pair collaborating on the design for the
Palácio Gustavo Capanema in Rio de Janeiro. Niemeyer's first major project was the design of a series of buildings for
Pampulha, a planned suburb north of
Belo Horizonte. His work, especially on the
Church of Saint Francis of Assisi,
received critical acclaim, and drew Niemeyer international attention.
Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, Niemeyer became one of Brazil's most
prolific architects, designing a range of buildings both within the
country and overseas. This included the design of the
Edifício Copan (a large residential building in
São Paulo), and a collaboration with
Le Corbusier (and others) on the design of the United Nations Headquarters, which provoked invitations to teach at
Yale University and the
Harvard Graduate School of Design.
In 1956, Niemeyer was invited by Brazil's new president,
Juscelino Kubitschek,
to design the civic buildings for Brazil's new capital, which was to be
built in the centre of the country, far from any existing cities. His
designs for the
National Congress of Brazil, the
Cathedral of Brasília, the
Cultural Complex of the Republic, the
Palácio da Alvorada, the
Palácio do Planalto, and the
Supreme Federal Court,
all completed by 1960, were largely experimental in nature, and were
linked by common design elements. This work led to his appointment as
inaugural head of architecture at the
University of Brasília, as well as honorary membership of the
American Institute of Architects. Due to his largely leftist ideology, and involvement with the
Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), Niemeyer left the country after the
1964 military coup, and subsequently opened an office in
Paris. He returned to Brazil in 1985, and was awarded the prestigious
Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1988. A socialist and atheist from an early age, Niemeyer had spent time in both
Cuba and the
Soviet Union
during his exile, and on his return served as the PCB's president from
1992 to 1996. Niemeyer continued working well into the early 21st
century, notably designing the
Niterói Contemporary Art Museum (1996) and the
Novo Museu (2002). He died in Rio de Janeiro in December 2012, at the age of 104.-via
Wikipedia